Compass surveying is a type of surveying in which the directions of surveying lines are determined with a magnetic compass, and the length of surveying lines are measured with a chain or tape or laser range finder. The compass is generally used to run a traverse line. A Circumferentor or Surveyor’s compass is an instrument […]

 When a ductile material like mild steel is subjected to tensile force, it undergoes different stages before failure. Stress strain curve is the graphical representation of this stages.  Different stages when ductile material subjected to force till its failure are

The term masonry is used to indicate the art of building the structures in either stones or bricks. The former type is called stone masonry and the latter type is called brick masonry. Some important technical terms used in stone masonry are as follows:

Prismatic compass is surveyor’s hand compass provided with a triangular glass prism so adjusted that the compass can read while taking a sight. It was invented by Captain Kater. PARTS OF PRISMATIC COMPASS

Soil excerts a lateral earth pressure on any structure with which it is in contact. In the designing of retaining walls, sheet piles or other earth retaining structures, it is necessary to determine; the lateral earth pressure exerted by the retained mass of soil. The magnitude of the lateral earth pressure depends upon the displacement

A canal headwork is an assemblage of various hydraulic structures constructed at the head of a canal to divert clear water to the canal. PARTS OF CANAL HEADWORK